International Journal of Business Finance and Economical Research is a monthly, peer-reviewed international research journal that addresses both business, finance and economical issues. Articles in IJBFER examine emerging trends and concerns in the areas of general management, business law, business ethics and corporate social responsibility, marketing theory and applications, business finance and investment, general business research, business and economics education, production/operations management, organizational behavior and theory, strategic management policy, social issues and public policy, management organization, statistics and econometrics, personnel and industrial relations, technology and innovation, case studies, and management information systems.

 

Instructions for authors

Submit your manuscript via e-mail attachment to the Editorial Office to ijbfer@scienceparkjournals.org or ijbfer[email protected] a manuscript number will be mailed to the corresponding author within 48 hours.

 

International Journal of Business Finance and Economical Research (IJBFER) only accepts manuscript through electronic submission and encourages authors to submit their manuscripts via email attachment including the text, tables, and figures using Microsoft word document.

 

Covering letter: The names of author(s), office or institutional full address including the corresponding author's email address, fax and telephone numbers should be sent in a letter format via e-mail message to the editor along with the manuscript. The name of the corresponding author should be marked with asterisk (*) for identification.

 

Four types of manuscripts may be submitted:

 

Short Communications: A Short Communication is not more than 5 printed pages in length. Authors should submit a suitable manuscript with unique research methods, records, models and pioneering results. Short Communications are limited to a maximum of two figures and one table. (1) Abstracts are limited to 100 words; (2) instead of a separate Materials and Methods section, experimental procedures may be incorporated into Figure Legends and Table footnotes; (3) Results and Discussion should be combined into a single section.

 

Full length research papers: Authors should describe modern and attentively complete research work, and explaining experimental procedures in sufficient detail for justification. The research work should construct a minimum length for scientific infer.

 

Reviews: Reviews covering topics of contemporary interest are highly encourage. Reviews should be concise and with scientific model.

 

Case Report: Authors are encouraged to submit articles on case report using precise scientific topics, with excellent details, investigations and curiosity.

 

Publication and peer-review process

All manuscripts are reviewed by the Editorial Board and qualified reviewers. Decisions will be made as rapidly as possible, and the journal strives to return reviewers’ comments to authors within 2 weeks. The editorial board will re-review manuscripts that are accepted pending revision. It is the goal of the SRI to publish manuscripts within 4 weeks after submission.

 

Manuscripts for Research articles submitted to International Journal Business, Finance and Economical Research should be divided into the following sections

 

Title page

Author (s) names

Authors (s) affiliation(s)

Abstract

Keywords

Introduction

Material and Methods

Results and discussion

Conclusions

Competing interests (if any)

Authors' contributions

Acknowledgements

Tables (if any)

Figures (if any)

Abbreviations (if any)

References

 

The Title should be a brief phrase describing the contents of the paper. The Title Page should include the authors' full names and affiliations, the name of the corresponding author along with phone, fax and E-mail information. Present addresses of authors should appear as a footnote.

 

Author(s): Authorship should be limited to those who have contributed substantially to the work. Please note the corresponding author’s name and corresponding e-mails should be giving. Authors' name should be written by family name or surname, their given names should be shortened to initials.

 

The authors' affiliation(s) should be written below their names.

 

The Abstract should be enlightening and totally personal description, in brief present the topic, state the scope of the experiments, indicate significant data, and point out major findings and conclusions. The abstract should not exceed 350 words. Complete sentences, active verbs, and the third person should be employed, the abstract should be written in the past tense. Standard nomenclature should be used and abbreviations should be avoided.

 

The key words: below the abstract, about 3 to 9 keywords should be listed that will provide indexing references.

 

The Introduction: should provide a clear statement of the problem, the relevant literature on the subject, and the proposed approach or solution. It should be comprehensible to academicians around the globe of scientific disciplines.

 

Materials and methods: Subheadings should be used. Methods, procedure or formula use should be complete enough to allow experiments to be reproduced. However, only authentic procedures should be described in detail; previously published procedures should be cited, and significant modifications of published procedures should be stated in brief.

 

Results: should be presented with clearness and accuracy. The results, procedure should be written when describing the authors' analysis, theory test, investigation and experimental outcomes. Previously published results should be written as in present events. Results should be explained fundamentally with its outcomes.

 

The Discussion should interpret the findings in view of the results obtained in this and in past studies on this topic. State the conclusions in a few sentences at the end of the paper. The Results and Discussion sections can include subheadings, and when appropriate, both sections can be combined.

 

Competing interests: Authors are required to complete a declaration of competing interests. All competing interests that are declared will be listed at the end of published articles. Where an author gives no competing interests, the listing will be ignored meaning the author do not have any competing interests. Authors must disclose any financial competing interests; they should also reveal any non-financial competing interests that may cause them embarrassment were they to become public after the publication of the manuscript.

 

Authors' contributions: In order to give appropriate credit to each author of a paper, the individual contributions of authors to the manuscript should be specified in this section. All contributors who do not meet the criteria for authorship should be listed in an acknowledgements section. Examples of those who might be acknowledged include a person who provided purely technical help, writing assistance, or a colleague who provided only general support.

 

The Acknowledgments create an opportunity of appreciation of colleagues, institutions, companies, organization, grants and sponsorship. Acknowledgement should be brief.

 

Tables: should be kept to a minimum and be designed to be as simple as possible. Each table should be on a separate page, numbered consecutively in Arabic numerals and supplied with a heading and a legend if any. Tables should be self-explanatory without reference to the text. The details of the methods used in the experiments should preferably be described in the legend instead of in the text. The same data should not be presented in both table and graph form or repeated in the text.

Figure legends: should be typed in numerical order on a separate sheet. Graphics should be prepared using applications capable of generating high resolution GIF, TIFF, JPEG or PowerPoint before pasting in the Microsoft Word manuscript file. Tables should be prepared in Microsoft Word. Use Arabic numerals to designate figures and upper case letters for their parts (Figure 1). Begin each legend with a title and include sufficient description so that the figure is understandable without reading the text of the manuscript. Information given in legends should not be repeated in the text.

 

Abbreviations: may be added. In common, non-standard abbreviations should be used only when the full term is very long and used often. Each abbreviation should be spelled out and introduced in parentheses the first time it is used in the text. Only recommended SI units should be used. Authors should use the solidus presentation (mg/ml). Standard abbreviations (such as ATP and DNA) need not be defined.

 

References: In the text, a reference identified by means of an author‘s name should be followed by the date of the reference in parentheses. When there are more than two authors, only the first author‘s name should be mentioned, followed by ’et al‘. In the event that an author cited has had two or more works published during the same year, the reference, both in the text and in the reference list, should be identified by a lower case letter like ’a‘ and ’b‘ after the date to distinguish the works.

 

Examples

Clifford (1978), Fernandez et al. (1971), (Griggs, 1990), (Parks and Harry, 1982), (Henderson, 1981; Mohammed, 1999 a, b; Anna, 1988, 1975), (Sires et al., 1967)

 

References: should be listed at the end of the paper in alphabetical order. Articles in preparation or articles submitted for publication, unpublished observations, personal communications, should not be included in the reference list but should only be mentioned in the manuscript (e.g., K. Gibson, University of Washington, U.S.A). Journal names are abbreviated according to Chemical Abstracts. Authors are fully responsible for the accurate citing of the references.

 

Examples

Crawford JJ, Sims GK, Mulvaney RL, Radosevich M (1998). Biodegradation of atrazine under denitrifying conditions. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 49: 618–623.

 

Cupples AM, Spormann AM, McCarty PL (2004). Comparative evaluation of chloroethene dechlorination to ethene by Dehalococcoides-like microorganisms. Environ. Sci. Technol., 38: 4768–4774.

 

AISE and CESIO (1999). Environmental relevance of anaerobic biodegradability of surfactants. http://www.aise-net.org/PDF/anaerobicBiopub1.pdf, p. 6.

 

Abramowicz DA (1990). Aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation of PCBs: a review. Crit. Rev. Biotechnol., 10: 241–251.

 

Foreign language items: Items listed in the references that were published in a language other than English will be listed as originally published and without translation. Any foreign language item in the text (e.g. the title of a book: a quotation) should be followed by an English translation (to be supplied by the author of the article).

 

Proofs and Preview: Electronic proofs will be sent via e-mail attachment to the corresponding author as a PDF file.  Page proofs are considered to be the final version of the manuscript. With the exception of typographical or minor errors, no changes will be made in the manuscript at the proof stage.

 

Copyright: Submission of a manuscript implies: that the work described has not been published before (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, or thesis) that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; that if and when the manuscript is accepted for publication, the authors and the responsible authorities – tacitly or explicitly – at the institute where the work has been carried out agree to automatic transfer of the copyright to the publisher. The publisher will not be held legally responsible should there be any claims for compensation.

 

Plagiarism detection: International Journal Business, Finance And Economical Research (IJBFER) is highly against plagiarism; manuscripts are properly screened and investigated by using duplication-checking software to detect if any part or full manuscript has been published in any journal. Suspected manuscripts with issues of copyright infringement submitted to International Journal Business, Finance And Economical Research (IJBFER) may not be published except with authentic proof of ownership. Authors are to submit unpublished manuscript with content of originality.

 

Permissions: Authors wishing to include figures, tables, or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright owner(s) for both the print and online format and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.

 

Reprints: Authors can reprints copy of their published manuscript from the journal website, for authors ordering high-quality reprints or bound reprints for published articles may contact the editors to enquire information about ordering and charges.

 

Article-processing charge: Authors or sponsoring body are required to pay an article-processing charge of $430 for each article accepted for publication. Authors may contact the editorial office to request for discount in article-processing charge. A limited amount of waivers for article-processing charges are also available at the editorial judgment. Please note that the membership is only automatically recognized on submission if the submitting author is based at the member institution.